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Frank Kameny protests outside Independence Hall in 1965

Fired for Being Gay, Frank Kameny Spent the Rest of His Life Fighting Back

You might be familiar with the Red Scare, Senator Joseph McCarthy's efforts to remove suspected communists from the U.S. State Department. But what about the Lavender Scare? Starting in the 1940s, government officials began firing thousands of employees based on their sexual orientation. Frank Kameny, a Harvard-educated astronomer was one of them. He lost his job in 1957 and challenged the dismissal all the way to the Supreme Court. 

Historic map of Washington DC

Featured Posts

  • Muhammad Ali in 1967 (World Journal Tribune photo by Ira Rosenberg, Library of Congress)

    Muhammad Ali's Speech at Howard University, 1967

    The PBS documentary The Trials of Muhammad Ali, covers the boxing champ's struggles outside the ring during the tumultuous mid-1960s, and his emergence as a symbol of protest and dissent for young...

  • Prince performing at Gallaudet University on November 29, 1984 (Photo: Courtesy of the Gallaudet University Archives)

    Prince's Free Concert at Gallaudet

    Did you know that Washington, D.C. played host to one of Prince's most unique and inspiring performances? At the very pinnacle of his fame during the massively popular "Purple Rain" tour in 1984...

  • Maccubbin, Wilson, and Kameny stand at the stage to read the D.C. City Council's proclamation at Gay Pride Day 1975. (Source: Rainbow History Project)

    "Giving People the Courage to Be Themselves": Gay Pride Day in D.C.

    Gay rights activist Larry “Deacon” Maccubbin was at a party with friends in 1975 when the topic of New York Pride eventually came up. As they were discussing who would be going, one of his friends...

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  • Man and woman posing and smiling for camera in front of flags while woman holds open certificate.

    The Investigation of Ana Montes: The Pentagon's Cuba Expert and Cuba's Favorite Spy

    Ana Montes was called the "Queen of Cuba" by her colleagues in the Defense Intelligence Agency for her expertise on Cuban affairs.  Little did her colleagues know, she hid a dangerous secret.  Ultimately, the DIA and the FBI teamed up to reveal what for years she had kept hidden: the Pentagon's top expert on Cuba was actually one of Cuba's top spies. 

    June 2, 2025

    • Washington, D.C.

    By Casey Ruken

  • Police reward poster with text reading "Up to $150,000 Reward 'Freeway Phantom' Murders" with pictures of six African-American girls.

    The Gruesome Murder Spree of the "Freeway Phantom": D.C.'s First Serial Killer

    From 1971 to 72, a serial killer abducted and murdered six African-American girls in D.C.  But over 50 years later, the "Freeway Phantom" has never been caught.      

    May 27, 2025

    • Washington, D.C.
    • Maryland

    By Casey Ruken

  • Photo of two-foot-tall bonsai pine tree on museum display against wooden fence

    From Hiroshima to Washington: A Beloved Bonsai's Journey from War to Peace

    On the eve of the American Bicentennial, bonsai master Masaru Yamaki donated his 350-year-old Japanese white pine to the U.S. National Arboretum.  No American knew of its true history until in 2001, when two brothers flew from Japan to find the tree their family had nurtured for generations.  The story they shared was nothing short of incredible. The Yamaki pine wasn't just an artistic masterpiece, it was a survivor of nuclear war, and one man's gesture of forgiveness to the country that almost killed him.    

    May 19, 2025

    • Washington, D.C.

    By Casey Ruken

  • sketch by Geddes of the Mothers Memorial

    The Ill-Fated Attempt to Build a Mother's Memorial in Washington

    By the time she set out to build monuments, Daisy Breaux was a woman accustomed to getting what she wanted. Unfortunately, her plans for a memorial to America's mothers never got off the ground. In a legal snarl, she accused the architect of blackmail and extortion. He charged her in turn with sabotaging the project from the start.

    May 8, 2025

    • Washington, D.C.

    By Isabel Sans

  • Cartoon of man with sign saying "Malaria is a Fashionable Disease"

    The Giant D.C. Mosquito Net That Could've Cured Malaria

    There’s a common saying (and belief) that Washington, D.C. was built on a swamp. While that’s not actually the case, it is true that the District’s rivers and tributaries—and the surrounding marshland—have caused some problems in the past. In the nineteenth century, the low-lying area around the National Mall and Tidal Basin was the perfect breeding ground for one of the largest public health concerns at the time: mosquitoes. One enterprising doctor had a very inventive solution.

    May 2, 2025

    • Washington, D.C.

    By Katherine Brodt

  • a spray-painted BORF face on a lamppost

    Remembering BORF: Washington’s Scruffy, Anti-Establishment Banksy

    What is BORF? Washington commuters in 2004 were all too familiar with the graffiti campaign and its mysterious artist. Even if the paint is gone, the punky, rebellious message remains. Borf is one, Borf is many. Borf is coming for your comfort.

    April 18, 2025

    • Washington, D.C.

    By Isabel Sans

  • Portrait of Mary Surratt, a middle-aged woman in a dark dress, looking into the camera. Source: Wikimedia Commons

    Mary E. Surratt: The Woman Who Helped Kill Lincoln... Or Did She?

    Mrs. Mary E. Surratt was a Confederate sympathizer living in the heart of the Union during the Civil War. Her boardinghouse served as the meeting place for the group of conspirators who plotted to assassinate Lincoln. According to the military commission who tried her, she was part of plot. But how much did she really know?

    April 14, 2025

    • Washington, D.C.

    By Kira Quintin

  • A stone tower flanked by two American flags

    A Monumental First: How a Small Maryland Town Built the First Washington Monument

    In the wake of George Washington's death, Americans across the country sought to memorialize our first president. But one small town in Maryland has the distinction of completing the first Washington Monument.

    April 10, 2025

    • Maryland

    By Lucas Gillespie

  • a cartoon showing brooks beating sumner

    An Assault for Slavery: Preston Brooks Canes Charles Sumner on the Senate Floor

    The Senate has adjourned for the day, and the legislators, journalists, and visitors that had filled the chamber file out into the warm evening. Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner, a well-known abolitionist, remains at his desk, scribbling notes among his spread of papers. A stranger approaches him from the aisle. He is holding a cane with a knobbed golden head. Leaning over, he reproaches Sumner for disparaging a relative of his in a speech given several days prior. Sumner still does not know who is speaking to him.

    It is May 22, 1856, and as the stranger raises the cane over his head, America lurches closer to civil war.

    April 2, 2025

    • Washington, D.C.

    By Isabel Sans

  • Headshot of Bernice Sandler from 1974.

    Title IX: The Push for Gender Equality in Education Started with Bernice Sandler at the University of Maryland

    Did you know that gender discrimination in education has only been illegal for just over 50 years? In 1972, Title IX transformed how we think about gender equality in education and required colleges and universities to follow new standards if they wanted to keep receiving federal funding. It was a sea change event, and it all started with Bernice Sandler at the University of Maryland.

    March 31, 2025

    • Maryland

    By Paige Little

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Popular Content

  • Currier and Ives, The Assassination of Lincoln at Ford's Theater, April 14, 1865. (Photo Source: Library of Congress)

    Little Known Victims of the Lincoln Assassination

    The events of April 14, 1865 at Ford's Theatre in Washington are well known. Actor John Wilkes Booth went into President Lincoln's box and shot him. The President was mortally wounded and died the...

    February 22, 2013

    By Claudia Swain

  • Smokey Bear cub chewing on fire prevention sign at the National Zoo in 1950. (Reprinted with permission of the DC Public Library, Star Collection, © Washington Post.)

    How Smokey Bear Became an Icon... And a Real Life Neighbor in D.C.

    “Only YOU can prevent forest fires.” Many of us, especially former Boy Scouts like myself, probably associate that statement with campfire safety. Indeed, Smokey the Bear has been around for as long...

    March 2, 2018

    By Mark Jones

  • Lynn Arnold waves to onlookers from her glass apartment atop the Big Chair in Anacostia. (Reprinted with permission of the DC Public Library, Star Collection, © Washington Post.)

    Meet the Woman Who Lived Atop the Big Chair in Anacostia

    Creative advertising wasn’t just for Don Draper and the New York Mad Men. In 1959, Anacostia’s Curtis Bros. Furniture Company commissioned Bassett Furniture to construct a 19.5 foot tall Duncan Phyfe...

    November 26, 2012

    By Mark Jones

  • Rayful Edmond III's extensive cocaine network and ties to Colombian drug cartels marked a shift in D.C.'s drug trade, which had previously been dominated by small-time dealers in constant search of supplies. (Photo courtesy of May 3rd Films)

    1989: Bringing Down D.C.'s Drug King

    April 15, 1989 – almost “go time.” A joint force of DEA, FBI and D.C. Police officials had spent nearly two years building their case against the District's largest drug network, and a series of...

    November 14, 2014

    By Mark Jones


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Boundary Stones

Boundary Stones explores local history in Washington, D.C., suburban Maryland and northern Virginia. This project is a service of WETA and is supported by contributions from readers like you.

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